That small francophone areas were affected, was used in France to denounce the new border as hypocrisy, since Germany had justified the annexation on linguistic grounds. Today, these territories enjoy laws that are somewhat different from the rest of France – these specific provisions are known as the local law. Although it was never formally annexed, Alsace-Lorraine was incorporated into the Greater German Reich, which had been restructured into Reichsgau. Alsace-Lorraine had a land area of 14,496 km2 (5,597 sq mi). Six months later, on July 15, 1915, German became the only official language in the region,[11] leading to the Germanization of the towns’ names effective September 2, 1915. Alsace was merged with Baden, and Lorraine with the Saarland, to become part of a planned Westmark. Shading showing départements before 1870 with black lines after 1871. All the mentioned religious bodies retained the status as établissements publics de culte (public bodies of Religion). The sentiment of attachment to France stayed strong at least during the first 16 years of the annexation. It was divided in three districts (Bezirke in German): The largest urban areas in Alsace-Lorraine at the 1910 census were: The modern history of Alsace-Lorraine was largely influenced by the rivalry between French and German nationalism. Beginning in 1942, people from Alsace and Moselle were made German citizens by decree of the Nazi government.[22]. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Covers from Champagne east to Souabe, north to Luxembourg, and south to Switzerland. CARTE ROUTIERE ALSACE LORRAINE … German nationalism on the other hand, which in its 19th century form originated as a reaction against the French occupation of large areas of Germany under Napoleon, sought to unify all the German-speaking populations of the former Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation into a single nation-state. Frederic H. Seager, "The Alsace-Lorraine Question in France, 1871-1914." Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Alsace-Lorraine, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Alsace-Lorraine, Alsace-Lorraine - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Her kan man cykle langs med kanalerne til Colmar og hen over Strasbourgs overdækkede broer. As soon as war was declared, both the French and German authorities used the inhabitants of Alsace-Lorraine as propaganda pawns. Upon occupying certain villages, veterans of the 1870 conflict were sought out and arrested by the French army.[9]. Only the département of Meurthe changed its name and became Meurthe-et-Moselle after the border changes. Read the Fodor's reviews, or post your own. The annexed area consisted of the northern part of Lorraine, along with Alsace. „Alsace, Lorraine ” în librăriile ... Turism si calatorii, Carte straina. Alsace-Lorraine was occupied by Germany in 1940 during the Second World War. ISSN: 0037-2560: OCLC Number: 10663241: Notes: At head of title: Université de Strasbourg. Jacques Fortier, « La chute de l'Empire ». Alsace-Lorraine was divided into the départements of Haut-Rhin, Bas-Rhin and Moselle (the same political structure as before the annexation and as created by the French Revolution, with slightly different limits). I am Claudio, and it is my pleasure to accompany you as you experience the historic cities of France. Due to the annexation, the Germans gained control of the fortifications of French-speaking[citation needed] Metz, as well as Strasbourg (Straßburg) on the left bank of the Rhine and most of the iron resources of Lorraine. Alsace - Lorraine Pain d'épice fra Alsace. In relation to its special legal status, since its reversion to France following World War I, the territory has been referred to administratively as Alsace-Moselle (Alsatian: 's Elsàss-Mosel). In the new Empire's constitution, both states, but especially Bavaria, had been given concessions with regard to local autonomy, including partial control of their military forces. These border-changes, at the time, meant more or less that one ruler (the local princes and city-governments, with some remaining power of the Holy Roman Emperor) was exchanged for another (the King of France); it was the French revolution that turned what might have been called "the King of France's German territories" into parts of France proper. The transfer was controversial even among the Germans: The German Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, was initially opposed to it, as he thought (correctly) it would engender permanent French enmity toward Germany. Christophe Felder og hemmelighederne bag de berømte pain d'épices peberkager. Find tours through Alsace and Lorraine. 03-89-62-43-00).It’s a reconstructed turn-of-the-20th-century Alsatian village of over 70 buildings, including houses, … The Reichsland governor stated in February 1918: "Sympathies towards France and repulsion for Germans have penetrated to a frightening depth the petty bourgeoisie and the peasantry". The Nationalrat proclaimed the annexation of Alsace to France on December 5, even though this process did not gain international recognition until the signature of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Un peu de géographie sur L’Aslace-Lorraine Ancienne carte Alsace-Lorraine – ©CC0 Domaine public L’Alsace. [note 3] Some ethnic Germans in the region cooperated in the persecution as a way to demonstrate German patriotism. Under the German Empire of 1871–1918, the annexed territory constituted the Reichsland or Imperial Territory of Elsaß-Lothringen (German for Alsace-Lorraine). The département Meurthe-et-Moselle was maintained even after France recovered Alsace-Lorraine in 1919. Preț valabil exclusiv online! Carte Lorraine - Carte et plan détaillé Lorraine Vous recherchez la carte ou le plan Lorraine et de ses environs ? Thereafter, especially with the grant of a constitution in 1911, some progress was made toward Germanization in the region. The Lorraine section was in the upper Moselle valley to the north of the Vosges. It originally was part of the Holy Roman Empire, but gradually became part of France from 1552 to 1798, by way of conquest and diplomatic compromises. [5]. carte alsace lorraine. Primary schooling in Alsace-Lorraine, 1870–1918.". Transport gratuit peste 150 de lei. ; Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France); Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg. The Church of Augsburg Confession of France [fr], with its directory, supreme consistory and the bulk of its parishioners residing in Alsace, was reorganised as the Protestant Church of Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine (EPCAAL) in 1872, but territorially reconfined to Alsace-Lorraine only. Transitional between Central German and Upper German: Byrnes, Joseph F. "The relationship of religious practice to linguistic culture: language, religion, and education in Alsace and the Roussillon, 1860–1890. Indisponibil. This comprised about one third of the population of Alsace and Moselle, or about 600,000 residents. Retur gratuit în 15 zile. France long sought to attain and then preserve what it considered to be its "natural boundaries", which were the Pyrenees to the southwest, the Alps to the southeast, and the Rhine River to the northeast. Many others fought in Normandy against the Allies as the malgré-nous of the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich, some of which were involved in the Oradour sur Glane and Tulle war crimes. Memories of the Napoleonic Wars were still fresh in the 1870s. INDECHIRABLE, la carte régionale Alsace, Lorraine 2021 au 1/200 000 ème (1cm = 2km) vous accompagne dans tous vos déplacements. Ai întrebări? We Germans who know Germany and France know better what is good for the Alsatians than the unfortunates themselves. The regions of Alsace and Lorraine in the north east of France are perfect partners and share a taste for a genial outlook on life. Blottie entre le massif vosgien à l’ouest et le Rhin qui forme une frontière naturelle entre la France et l’Allemagne à l’est, l’Alsace étonne ses visiteurs par … Adaugă în wishlist. Alsace-Lorraine Two provinces located in northeastern France that share a border with Germany. Université de Strasbourg. Signalements de PAN/OVNI et phénomènes annexes pour la Lorraine, l'Alsace et les pays limitrophes (Luxembourg, Belgique, Allemagne). France also suffered economically from the loss of Alsace-Lorraine’s valuable iron ore deposits, iron- and steelmaking plants, and other industries to Germany. [citation needed], Germans living in France were arrested and placed into camps by the French authorities. (Today, the region is called "Bas Rhin" [Lower Rhine] in France.) By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The three Israelite consistories in Colmar [de], Metz [de] and Strasbourg [de] were disentangled from supervision by the Israelite Central Consistory of France and continued as separate statutory corporations which never formed a joint body, but cooperated. News concours SEO. From a military perspective, by early 1870s standards, shifting the frontier away from the Rhine would give the Germans a strategic buffer against feared future French attacks. [note 7][23][24] A small minority volunteered, notably the author of The Forgotten Soldier, known by the pseudonym Guy Sajer. Situated 20km southwest of Grand Ballon as the crow flies (by road, take the D465 from St-Maurice), the 1247m-high Ballon d’Alsace marks the meeting point of the Alsace, Franche-Comté and Lorraine régions. German authorities developed policies aimed at reducing the influence of French. [citation needed] Creating a new Imperial Territory (Reichsland) out of formerly French territory would achieve this goal: although a Reichsland would not technically be part of the Kingdom of Prussia, being governed directly by the Empire (headed by the King of Prussia as Emperor and the minister-president of Prussia as Imperial Chancellor) would in practical terms amount to the same thing. Échelle(s) : 1:200 000Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : Alsace Topics: Alsace, Province d', Lorraine, Province de . Under German rule, Alsace-Lorraine was classified as a Reichsland (imperial state) and was denied effective self-government until 1902. Corrections? Because of its ancient German associations and because of its large German-speaking population, Alsace-Lorraine was incorporated into the German Empire after France’s defeat in the Franco-German War (1870–71). When the new Alsace-Lorraine constitution of 1911 provided for a bicameral state parliament (Landtag of Alsace-Lorraine [fr]) each recognised religion was entitled to send a representative into the first chamber of the Landtag as ex officio members (the bishops of Strasbourg and of Metz, the presidents of EPCAAL and EPRAL, and a delegate of the three Israelite consistories). [verification needed] Many Germans at the time thought that the creation of the new Empire in itself would be enough to earn permanent French enmity, and thus desired a defensible border with their old enemy. [4] Some German industrialists did not want the competition from Alsatian industries, such as the cloth makers who would be exposed to competition from the sizeable industry in Mulhouse.